Welcome to the SeeMeCNC Community

I'm relatively new to 3d printing, and started out with the Rostock Max V2.

I bought a few spools of filament along with the printer (all from a local shop that sells 3d printers). Unfortunately most of the rolls of filament aren't labeled with a brand, so I don't have a good way to identify them, but I've been printing fine with a gray PLA and a white ABS, and just switched to a red ABS and am unable to get adhesion of the print to the bed.

I'm using a BuildTak sheet, so in general adhesion isn't usually an issue--if anything, too much adhesion is an issue.

Is it common for a potentially different brand of filament to cause problems like this?

If it's poor filament or has soaked up excessive moisture, even different rolls of what's in theory exactly the same filament can give you fits.

The red filament (the one I'm having trouble with) I started using minutes after taking it from the shrink-wrap/desiccant packaging. So I doubt it's moisture. Also the white filament's been out in the open in the room where I have the 3d printer for a month now without causing problems, so it doesn't seem like excessive moisture is even getting into it.

But it is feasible then that it's just a bad brand of filament?